Aubert of Avranches
Aubert was bishop of Avranches at the start of the eighth century, and tradition credits him with founding Mont Saint-Michel: the Archangel Michael appeared to him three times in dreams in 708, commanding a sanctuary on the tidal rock then called Mont Tombe. The oratory he built was dedicated on October 16, 709, and everything on the Mont descends from it.
The Legend and the Skull
The founding story, written down at the abbey two centuries later, says Aubert dismissed the first two visions as dreams, and that on the third visit the archangel pressed a finger into the bishop’s skull to end the argument. A skull bearing a round hole, venerated for centuries as Aubert’s, is kept and displayed in the Saint-Gervais basilica in Avranches, 20 kilometers from the Mont. The relic is real and on view; the attribution is faith and tradition, not forensics, and the abbey’s own chroniclers told the story that way.
From Oratory to Abbey
Aubert’s church followed the model of Monte Gargano in Italy, the West’s first great sanctuary of Saint Michael, and tradition says he sent canons there to bring back relics. A community of canons served the rock for 250 years until Duke Richard I replaced them with Benedictine monks in 966, the founding the abbey counts from. Aubert is honored as a saint, with his feast on September 10, and Avranches, his seat, makes the natural half-day pairing with the Mont: the basilica with the skull, and the Scriptorial museum holding the abbey’s medieval manuscripts. The timeline page carries the story from his oratory forward.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who founded Mont Saint-Michel?
Tradition credits Bishop Aubert of Avranches, who built the first oratory on the rock after visions of the Archangel Michael in 708; it was dedicated in 709.
Can you see Aubert’s skull?
A skull venerated as Aubert’s, marked by the round hole of the legend, is displayed in the Saint-Gervais basilica in Avranches, 20 kilometers from Mont Saint-Michel.
Why is the Mont dedicated to Saint Michael?
The founding vision was of the Archangel Michael, and the sanctuary followed the model of Monte Gargano in Italy, the archangel’s great early shrine in the West. Michael, the warrior archangel, kept the dedication through the fortress centuries that followed.